Porsche IPO: Everything you need to know about the Porsche IPO

When was the Porsche IPO?

Porsche AG completed its initial public offering (IPO) in Frankfurt on Thursday September 29, 2022.

Porsche IPO valuation: How much is Porsche worth?

Porsche AG began life as a public company with a valuation of €75.2 billion after it pushed ahead with an IPO price of €82.50, at the top end of its 76.50 to 82.50 target range. That allowed it to raise around €9.2 billion, all of which will go to owner Volkswagen. That makes it not only one of the biggest-ever IPOs in Germany but in Europe.

Porsche AG was touted to target a valuation of up to 90 billion when Volkswagen first announced it was considering the IPO, but this fell as market conditions deteriorated in 2022.

Notably, some argued the IPO valuation was too high. HSBC said just weeks before the IPO that the company was worth between €44.5 billion to €56.9 billion. HSBC also said that the level of independence Porsche AG will ultimately have will be important to how the company is perceived, given that it will remain under the control of existing shareholders after listing and share its CEO with Volkswagen.

Volkswagen has said it plans to pay out 49% of total gross proceeds from the listing to shareholders via a special dividend, with the rest being used to invest in the business and drive its new strategy. Volkswagen shareholders will receive the special dividend ‘in the beginning of 2023’.

What you need to know about the Porsche IPO

Volkswagen, which has been working with Porsche since the 1960s before taking its first stake in the company back in 2009, divided the stock of Porsche AG ahead of the IPO – half into ordinary shares and the other half in preference shares.

Around 25% of the preference shares were listed as part of the IPO, which means just 12.5% of its total shares have been floated. While the ordinary shares have voting rights, the preference shares do not. This means those that invest post-IPO will own a stake in Porsche AG but have no say over how it is run.

The ordinary shares will not be listed and will remain in the hands of Volkswagen, meaning it will remain the controlling shareholder after Porsche AG is listed and continue to be consolidated into its own financial statements.

With this in mind, it is important to understand who owns Volkswagen and, in turn, Porsche AG.

Volkswagen is controlled by an entity named Porsche Automobil Holding SE (Porsche SE), which owns over a 31% stake in the business but over half of all the voting rights. Porsche SE is also a listed entity. Below is a breakdown of the ownership stake and voting rights held in Volkswagen:

(Source Volkswagen AG)

In turn, all of Porsche SE’s ordinary shares are in the hands of members of the Porsche and Piëch families, although it does have preference shares that are roughly split 50/50 between foreign institutional investors and German-based private investors. The Porsche and Piëch families are descendants of Ferdinand Porsche, who founded Porsche back in April 1931 but only released his first branded automobile, the Type 365, much later in 1948.

Porsche SE bought just over 25% of the ordinary shares in Porsche AG as part of the spin-off at around 88.70 per share, a 7.5% premium to the IPO price.

Ultimately, the Porsche family controls Volkswagen, which controls Porsche AG. This is important as any investors must understand that Porsche AG will remain firmly under the control of both Volkswagen and Porsche SE and that its free float will only include a fraction of its overall shares and offer no voting rights. This will make it difficult for any investor to build a significant stake in the business or push for change.

Why did Volkswagen spin-off Porsche?

Volkswagen started exploring the spin-off of Porsche AG on hopes it ‘would provide more entrepreneurial freedom to Porsche AG, while crystalizing the company’s value for Volkswagen shareholders’.

Notably, Volkswagen only touted a valuation of around EUR80 billion when the spin-off was completed and, with Porsche AG earning a similar price tag, it has created a huge amount of value overnight.

The carmaker said listing Porsche would ‘mark [the] next step in Volkswagen’s transformation from brand manufacturer to a vertically integrated mobility group, providing additional flexibility to accelerate group’s NEW AUTO strategy’ that is seeing the company invest heavily in areas like software for autonomous driving, battery technology and recycling, and charging infrastructure.

The other half of the IPO proceeds not being returned to investors will raise some cash for Volkswagen to help fund its ambitious investment plans.

Although Volkswagen is a world-renowned name, the company is made up of an array of brands spanning everyday names like Skoda to premium brands like Lamborghini, Ducati, Audi, and Bentley. Within this mix of brands, Porsche AG has been one of the most successful by focusing on quality and serving the top-end of the market. While Porsche accounted for just 3.5% of all the deliveries made by Volkswagen in 2022, the brand generated 12% of the company’s overall revenue and 26% of its operating profit.

What does Porsche do?

Porsche AG is a known around the world as a top automotive brand. Porsche AG currently has six core models available, many of which have variants. These are the 718 and 911 sports cars, the electric sports car Taycan, the luxury Panamera, and its Macan and Cayenne sports utility vehicles (SUVs).

Porsche produced over 300,000 vehicles in 2022, marking a new all-time record for the company after a steady ramp-up in output in recent years. Below is an outline of deliveries by model over the last four years:

(Source: Porsche AG)

Porsche cars are popular worldwide. Around 25% of all deliveries made in 2022 went to the Americas, with a slightly larger proportion being sold on its home turf in Europe. However, it is Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa that boasts the largest demand and took 43% of all deliveries last year, with the bulk of those sales being made in its largest individual market in China.

The heart of the business is in Zuffenhausen, Germany, where the company first started. All of its engines and sports cars are built here, and Porsche says the fact it also produces its standard-production vehicles on the same lines makes it ‘unique in the entire automotive industry’. Its second core site was set up in 2022, when it opened a new factory in Saschen which today is responsible for producing the Panamera and Macan models.

Elsewhere, it has a central spare parts warehouse serving dealers around the world based in Sachsenheim, its R&D center in Weissach and other after-sales and financing operations.

The company employs almost 37,000 people worldwide.

Is Porsche profitable?

Porsche AG is profitable. The company has grown sales and profits for at least three consecutive years and generated over €37 billion in sales and €7 billion in pretax profit in 2021. Below is an outline of its financial performance over the past three years: 

(Source: Porsche AG)

What is Porsche’s business model and strategy?

Porsche AG, like the wider automotive industry, is currently battling against rampant inflation and an array of other headwinds, but the carmaker has demonstrated its ability to keep growing despite the major headwinds considering delivery numbers have remained strong.

Looking longer-term, the company is currently pursuing its ‘Porsche Strategy 2030’ that aims to ensure the company addresses the significant change happening within the automotive industry, whether it be the move to electric cars or the steady move toward autonomous driving.

Porsche AG is aiming to hold its appeal as one of the most desirable car brands in the world but has committed to addressing the great change happening within the industry while preserving its high level of profitability, which sits much higher than the majority of its peers. It has said it plans to maintain a return on sales of over 15% and a return on investment of over 21%.

Notably, around 25% of all the cars it sold in 2022 were electric, with the sales proportion in Europe and China coming in noticeably higher. Although Porsche AG has made its entry into the world of electric vehicles, management have previously said that Porsche will always offer combustion engines going forward. The way it plans to counter this is by making its balance sheet ‘CO2 neutral’ and by investing in plants to create new eFuels to make petrol cleaner.

Who are Porsche’s competitors?

Although Porsche is positioned in the upper end of the market in terms of pricing, its array of vehicles ranging from sports cars to SUVs means it competes with a wide range of other carmakers across the world. For example, its SUVs compete with other German rivals like BMW and Mercedes in Europe and an even bigger pool of competitors in the US. Meanwhile, its sports cars come up against other luxury names such as Ferrari, McLaren, and Lamborghini, while other outfits like Lotus and Tesla are also competing against some of its models.